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The minimum repeated unit of a crystal is called:

Why do X-rays allow us to determine the structure of molecules?

PROXIMA1 and PROXIMA2A beamlines are dedicates to:

What is the nature of X-rays? They are:

In a synchrotron, the electron gun injects electrons into:

When an X-ray beam interacts with a molecule, what do the superimposed maxima of the scattered waves correspond to?

The mathematical relationship 2*d*sinus(theta) = n*lambda describes

What happens when an X-ray beam hits an atom?

Why are copper, molybdenum, manganese and cobalt the most commonly used elements in X-ray generators?

ChipX is a microfluidic chip that enables crystallization experiments using the :

To seal the plates on the tanks and create a closed system that allows vapour diffusion, we use:

Microseeding can be carried out using:

Which of these crystallisation techniques gradually increases the concentration of the protein solution?

In crystallisation, the microfluidic environment enables to :

Crystallization experiments are observed with :

The supersaturation zone, where the protein solution is still clear and can lead to crystallisation, is:

In the field of crystallogenesis, robots are used to :

What properties affect the solubility of a protein?

A so-called crystallization matrix screen is generally used for:

Which of the following compounds can be used as crystallising agents?

X-ray diffraction analysis of crystals in a microfluidic chip :

The crystallisation process has two main stages:

In the experimental hut, the crystal is mounted on:

Which beamlines are dedicated to the crystallography of biological macromolecules at the SOLEIL synchrotron?

To freeze a crystal, we need :

The crystal to detector distance affects:

A chiral molecule is:

The radiolysis phenomenon is due to :

The statistical criteria for diffraction data analysis are based on:

On a diffraction image, in addition to the diffraction peaks, we can see:

The XDS.INP file contains:

In the case of order 2 symmetry about the b axis, if Friedel's law is respected, the equivalent positions of the reflections h, k, l are :

Bravais networks are characterised by:

In order to optimise the diffraction data acquisition step, the acquisition strategy takes into account the:

In biological crystallography, the aim of data processing is to convert diffraction images into:

Indicate in order the letters corresponding to the different steps of data processing (in the form A B C D E, each letter separated by a space):

A Intensity correction (CORRECT) ;

B Search for diffraction spots (COLSPOT) ;

C Image background processing (INIT) ;

D Image integration;

E Calculation of crystal lattice and associated symmetries.

When Friedel's law is satisfied:

From the control room you can:

If the Laue group, or the space group, is incorrectly evaluated then:

The anomalous diffusion phenomenon is associated with :

Among these proposals, the factors influencing the result of molecular replacement are

If we change the contents of a crystal, say by adding a heavy atom, we cause changes in the:

In the presence of an anomalous scatterer, the maximum signal at which Friedel's law is violated is measured at wavelength or energy:

To solve the phase problem in the molecular replacement method, we use:

In molecular replacement, the Patterson function separates the resolution of the structure into two steps:

When calculating a Patterson map, the Harker sections are generated from crystal symmetries. They are used to:

To solve a structure, we collect a native dataset and a second derivative dataset at a wavelength corresponding to the fluorescence peak of the heavy atom present in the crystal. The acronym for the phasing method used is:

To position heavy atoms from a native dataset and a derivative dataset, what are the essential conditions for using Patterson's function?

In an experimental phasing, whether it involves heavy atom derivatives or anomalous diffusion, there is a phase ambiguity if we collect:

In the order A, B, C, D, E, place the successive stages in the construction of the molecular model on the electron density map.

Whatever the origin of the phases, the associated errors can come from ...

The solvent flattening approach to improving the phases involves the modification of the ...

The electron density maps that are used for the construction, correction or analysis of the three-dimensional model can be :

Phase improvement is an iterative loop that allows us to improve

Refinement consists of minimising the difference between the observed data and the

During the refinement stages, the quality of the model is assessed using the following criteria

The frequency at which an atom resonates depends on

The combined analysis of correlations for TOCSY and NOESY spectra allows to:

The frequency allocation process consists of :

The correlations observed in a 2D spectrum allow to:

The resolution of an NMR spectrum is directly proportional to:

The interpretation of a simple spectrum gives us information about the chemical properties of the molecule, such as :

The in vitro translation step uses a cell extract that has to contain...

What is shown as a function of time on a purification monitoring chromatogram?

How is bacterial concentration measured during the production stage?

What should normally be added to a sample in H2O for NMR?

At the end of transformation step, what does each pale spot on the surface of the Petri dish medium correspond to?

The steps involved in preparing wheat germ extracts include:

Preparing a protein sample using cell-free synthesis allows to:

After grinding the wheat germ, we get an emulsion that looks like:

What is the typical volume required for an NMR sample in solution?

At a higher magnetic field B0, ...

What is the purpose of the console on an NMR spectrometer?

What components do an NMR spectrometer need?

In the magnetic field of an NMR spectrometer, the CH2 and CH3 protons of ethanol...

The magnetic field B0 of a magnet used for NMR spectroscopy ...

What is drawn in a 1D NMR spectrum?

What is the effect of an inhomogeneous magnetic field B0 in NMR?