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What is the nature of X-rays? They are:

In a synchrotron, the electron gun injects electrons into:

When an X-ray beam interacts with a molecule, what do the superimposed maxima of the scattered waves correspond to?

What happens when an X-ray beam hits an atom?

Why do X-rays allow us to determine the structure of molecules?

The minimum repeated unit of a crystal is called:

The mathematical relationship 2*d*sinus(theta) = n*lambda describes

PROXIMA1 and PROXIMA2A beamlines are dedicates to:

Why are copper, molybdenum, manganese and cobalt the most commonly used elements in X-ray generators?

In the field of crystallogenesis, robots are used to :

Which of the following compounds can be used as crystallising agents?

ChipX is a microfluidic chip that enables crystallization experiments using the :

Microseeding can be carried out using:

What properties affect the solubility of a protein?

Which of these crystallisation techniques gradually increases the concentration of the protein solution?

A so-called crystallization matrix screen is generally used for:

Crystallization experiments are observed with :

The supersaturation zone, where the protein solution is still clear and can lead to crystallisation, is:

X-ray diffraction analysis of crystals in a microfluidic chip :

In crystallisation, the microfluidic environment enables to :

The crystallisation process has two main stages:

To seal the plates on the tanks and create a closed system that allows vapour diffusion, we use:

To freeze a crystal, we need :

A chiral molecule is:

The radiolysis phenomenon is due to :

Which beamlines are dedicated to the crystallography of biological macromolecules at the SOLEIL synchrotron?

The crystal to detector distance affects:

In the experimental hut, the crystal is mounted on:

Indicate in order the letters corresponding to the different steps of data processing (in the form A B C D E, each letter separated by a space):

A Intensity correction (CORRECT) ;

B Search for diffraction spots (COLSPOT) ;

C Image background processing (INIT) ;

D Image integration;

E Calculation of crystal lattice and associated symmetries.

If the Laue group, or the space group, is incorrectly evaluated then:

In order to optimise the diffraction data acquisition step, the acquisition strategy takes into account the:

The XDS.INP file contains:

When Friedel's law is satisfied:

Bravais networks are characterised by:

From the control room you can:

In biological crystallography, the aim of data processing is to convert diffraction images into:

On a diffraction image, in addition to the diffraction peaks, we can see:

In the case of order 2 symmetry about the b axis, if Friedel's law is respected, the equivalent positions of the reflections h, k, l are :

The statistical criteria for diffraction data analysis are based on:

To solve a structure, we collect a native dataset and a second derivative dataset at a wavelength corresponding to the fluorescence peak of the heavy atom present in the crystal. The acronym for the phasing method used is:

To solve the phase problem in the molecular replacement method, we use:

If we change the contents of a crystal, say by adding a heavy atom, we cause changes in the:

The anomalous diffusion phenomenon is associated with :

When calculating a Patterson map, the Harker sections are generated from crystal symmetries. They are used to:

In the presence of an anomalous scatterer, the maximum signal at which Friedel's law is violated is measured at wavelength or energy:

In an experimental phasing, whether it involves heavy atom derivatives or anomalous diffusion, there is a phase ambiguity if we collect:

To position heavy atoms from a native dataset and a derivative dataset, what are the essential conditions for using Patterson's function?

Among these proposals, the factors influencing the result of molecular replacement are

In molecular replacement, the Patterson function separates the resolution of the structure into two steps:

Phase improvement is an iterative loop that allows us to improve

Refinement consists of minimising the difference between the observed data and the

Whatever the origin of the phases, the associated errors can come from ...

During the refinement stages, the quality of the model is assessed using the following criteria

The solvent flattening approach to improving the phases involves the modification of the ...

In the order A, B, C, D, E, place the successive stages in the construction of the molecular model on the electron density map.

The electron density maps that are used for the construction, correction or analysis of the three-dimensional model can be :

The combined analysis of correlations for TOCSY and NOESY spectra allows to:

The correlations observed in a 2D spectrum allow to:

The frequency at which an atom resonates depends on

The frequency allocation process consists of :

The interpretation of a simple spectrum gives us information about the chemical properties of the molecule, such as :

The resolution of an NMR spectrum is directly proportional to:

Preparing a protein sample using cell-free synthesis allows to:

At the end of transformation step, what does each pale spot on the surface of the Petri dish medium correspond to?

What is the typical volume required for an NMR sample in solution?

The steps involved in preparing wheat germ extracts include:

How is bacterial concentration measured during the production stage?

What should normally be added to a sample in H2O for NMR?

The in vitro translation step uses a cell extract that has to contain...

What is shown as a function of time on a purification monitoring chromatogram?

After grinding the wheat germ, we get an emulsion that looks like:

What is the purpose of the console on an NMR spectrometer?

At a higher magnetic field B0, ...

What components do an NMR spectrometer need?

What is the effect of an inhomogeneous magnetic field B0 in NMR?

The magnetic field B0 of a magnet used for NMR spectroscopy ...

In the magnetic field of an NMR spectrometer, the CH2 and CH3 protons of ethanol...

What is drawn in a 1D NMR spectrum?