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What happens when an X-ray beam hits an atom?

In a synchrotron, the electron gun injects electrons into:

The mathematical relationship 2*d*sinus(theta) = n*lambda describes

The minimum repeated unit of a crystal is called:

PROXIMA1 and PROXIMA2A beamlines are dedicates to:

Why do X-rays allow us to determine the structure of molecules?

Why are copper, molybdenum, manganese and cobalt the most commonly used elements in X-ray generators?

What is the nature of X-rays? They are:

When an X-ray beam interacts with a molecule, what do the superimposed maxima of the scattered waves correspond to?

ChipX is a microfluidic chip that enables crystallization experiments using the :

The supersaturation zone, where the protein solution is still clear and can lead to crystallisation, is:

To seal the plates on the tanks and create a closed system that allows vapour diffusion, we use:

Which of these crystallisation techniques gradually increases the concentration of the protein solution?

In the field of crystallogenesis, robots are used to :

Microseeding can be carried out using:

What properties affect the solubility of a protein?

The crystallisation process has two main stages:

Crystallization experiments are observed with :

Which of the following compounds can be used as crystallising agents?

In crystallisation, the microfluidic environment enables to :

X-ray diffraction analysis of crystals in a microfluidic chip :

A so-called crystallization matrix screen is generally used for:

To freeze a crystal, we need :

The radiolysis phenomenon is due to :

Which beamlines are dedicated to the crystallography of biological macromolecules at the SOLEIL synchrotron?

The crystal to detector distance affects:

A chiral molecule is:

In the experimental hut, the crystal is mounted on:

In order to optimise the diffraction data acquisition step, the acquisition strategy takes into account the:

If the Laue group, or the space group, is incorrectly evaluated then:

The statistical criteria for diffraction data analysis are based on:

Indicate in order the letters corresponding to the different steps of data processing (in the form A B C D E, each letter separated by a space):

A Intensity correction (CORRECT) ;

B Search for diffraction spots (COLSPOT) ;

C Image background processing (INIT) ;

D Image integration;

E Calculation of crystal lattice and associated symmetries.

From the control room you can:

When Friedel's law is satisfied:

On a diffraction image, in addition to the diffraction peaks, we can see:

In the case of order 2 symmetry about the b axis, if Friedel's law is respected, the equivalent positions of the reflections h, k, l are :

The XDS.INP file contains:

In biological crystallography, the aim of data processing is to convert diffraction images into:

Bravais networks are characterised by:

In the presence of an anomalous scatterer, the maximum signal at which Friedel's law is violated is measured at wavelength or energy:

To solve a structure, we collect a native dataset and a second derivative dataset at a wavelength corresponding to the fluorescence peak of the heavy atom present in the crystal. The acronym for the phasing method used is:

If we change the contents of a crystal, say by adding a heavy atom, we cause changes in the:

When calculating a Patterson map, the Harker sections are generated from crystal symmetries. They are used to:

In molecular replacement, the Patterson function separates the resolution of the structure into two steps:

In an experimental phasing, whether it involves heavy atom derivatives or anomalous diffusion, there is a phase ambiguity if we collect:

To solve the phase problem in the molecular replacement method, we use:

To position heavy atoms from a native dataset and a derivative dataset, what are the essential conditions for using Patterson's function?

The anomalous diffusion phenomenon is associated with :

Among these proposals, the factors influencing the result of molecular replacement are

During the refinement stages, the quality of the model is assessed using the following criteria

In the order A, B, C, D, E, place the successive stages in the construction of the molecular model on the electron density map.

The electron density maps that are used for the construction, correction or analysis of the three-dimensional model can be :

Phase improvement is an iterative loop that allows us to improve

Refinement consists of minimising the difference between the observed data and the

Whatever the origin of the phases, the associated errors can come from ...

The solvent flattening approach to improving the phases involves the modification of the ...

The frequency at which an atom resonates depends on

The frequency allocation process consists of :

The interpretation of a simple spectrum gives us information about the chemical properties of the molecule, such as :

The correlations observed in a 2D spectrum allow to:

The resolution of an NMR spectrum is directly proportional to:

The combined analysis of correlations for TOCSY and NOESY spectra allows to:

At the end of transformation step, what does each pale spot on the surface of the Petri dish medium correspond to?

After grinding the wheat germ, we get an emulsion that looks like:

Preparing a protein sample using cell-free synthesis allows to:

What should normally be added to a sample in H2O for NMR?

How is bacterial concentration measured during the production stage?

What is the typical volume required for an NMR sample in solution?

What is shown as a function of time on a purification monitoring chromatogram?

The in vitro translation step uses a cell extract that has to contain...

The steps involved in preparing wheat germ extracts include:

What components do an NMR spectrometer need?

What is the purpose of the console on an NMR spectrometer?

At a higher magnetic field B0, ...

What is drawn in a 1D NMR spectrum?

The magnetic field B0 of a magnet used for NMR spectroscopy ...

What is the effect of an inhomogeneous magnetic field B0 in NMR?

In the magnetic field of an NMR spectrometer, the CH2 and CH3 protons of ethanol...